Print Design TipsTips and Information About Printing

In the last post we started discussing color and the different ways in which it can be used but we also touched on some terminology such as grayscales and halftones which we shall clarify here for you today.

A black and white photograph is probably the best example we can give you of what a grayscale actually is – the picture is made up of differing shades of gray between black and white and the differences create the picture reproduction you actually hold in your hand.

The grayscale has an absolute black, an absolute white and between there are 254 differing shades of gray – this is 256 “colors” in total or in computer tekkie parlance is 8-bits of information.  

An image is only grayscale if it is made up of differing shades of gray; another way to make an image is using absolute black and white lines to create the effect of differing shades making up the image – in this case it is known as a bitmap and not a grayscale.

The difference is important when it comes to the printing process because you can scan an image as grayscale or bitmap – scanning a grayscale image as a bitmap will render all the information contained within it that is no absolute black or white meaningless i.e. not reproduced and you lose the detail.  Perform this in reverse and you get a blurred image i.e. scan a bitmap image using grayscale.

Screens and Halftones

A screen is what is applied to a photographic image which gives the impression another color has been used or is present when it was not at the time the photo was taken.

Using screens or halftones, you can convey a lighter image effect or a change in the color tone itself and they come in a wide variety of strengths so you can play around with your final image result and all you are using is one ink which reduces the cost to you with your final product.

Herein lies the key – using a lower number of inks allows for cheaper cost and this is where screens come in handy for you as the buyer as well as helping create a better image for the reader and enduser.

Color is basic and yet so powerful in its effect on our senses while providing deep rooted emotional responses; this makes your use of color absolutely vital when it comes to presenting your ideas to the world.

A simple absence of color can convey a lack of emotion, a professional aura, prudent and sober decision making.

A presence of color can convey bright ideas, shock and taste, happy go lucky approach, friendly and easy to deal with attitude and much more.

The use of color or its absence is intrinsic to the success of your brochure, newsletter, direct mailing or sales flyer and cannot be ignored so let’s look at teh basics with color without blowing your budget in the process.

There are two ways color is used: spot color printing and four-color process.

The Four Color-Process uses a combination of four colors to produce the actual colors you will see on your finished product.

Spot Color Printing uses different color inks applied as required to produce the finished product.

You will need to be familiar with terms such as grayscales, screens and halftones along with CMYK, RGB and PS to understand how color is working with your printing projects.

CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black – this refers to the four inks used in the 4-color process and from these colors are produced the rest as required.

RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and is used on monitors (computer screens) and televisions to produce color – this is important to know as you will be scanning pictures in RGB (to produce the best monitor reproduction) but the actual finished product needs to be printed as CMYK files to ensure maximum quality in reproduction.

PMS stands for Pantone Matching System and is used in the spot color inking process with a computer design package having literally thousands of Pantone color schemes for you to use in creating your design and ultimately finished product.  Use swatches when selecting colors because on the computer screen they will always appear brighter to your naked eye due to the back illumiination of the monitor screen but this will not be available in the finished product which will appear duller in comparison.

Ever wondered just what a printer or designer mean when they start using terminology?

Here is a brief guide for you to understand the difference between your ells and leadings.

AA’s

Author Alterations – ussually changes made by you as the customer during or after the proofing process and as such billable to you as extra work performed – plan your work carefully beforehand and be meticulous at the proofing stage to avoid a nasty shock with the bill.

Actual Weight 

This is the actual weight of the paper used and it is used to determine the price for shipping as well as the purchase price for the paper itself – you may see different terms such as basic weight or basic size when planning your project and they mean different things so ask your print partner exactly what they mean and what they are using.

Bleed

This is where an image runs off the side of the paper – a technique that can concentrate the attention of the reader but does result in greater costs at the printing stage – the bleeds are created by trimming the paper to size (which increases the cost because of the extra labor and extra paper size).

DPI or Dots Per Inch

This is the number of dots which fit horizontally and vertically into a square inch of printing – the higher the DPI the greater the detail that can be presented including color differentiation.   A higher DPI is needed for graphics and photographic replication than for simple printed text jobs and the cost increases generally with a higher DPI.

Em Space

This is a lateral space equal to the width of the letter “m” – equally there is the En space for the letter “n” – these spaces are used in typography and typesetting.

Finish

Refers to the finish of the paper used – there are various types of finishes depending on your budget and the use to which the piece will be put.  You can have an embossed finish, felt, smooth or vellum, calendering,  papermaking and many others – ask your printing partner for a selection of finishes which they will usually have as a sample book.

(to be continued)

Direct mail is one of the most popular and most effective marketing methods there are today.

The ubiquitous mass mailings clogging up the letterboxes of America are not happening because it is a fun way for businesses to spend the marketing budget but precisely because it is so effective and so easy to arrange.

Thinking about how popular this method is and how frustrating it can be for the recipient, you have your work cut out for you in making this marketing method work and work well.

Direct mailing is an opportunity for you to present your business to the world on a huge scale for little more than the cost of stamp and in terms of the size of a mass mailing, the cost per unit for design and printing is miniscule – the postage and materials will dominate the budget but in order to keep the mailing from ending up in a recycling bin or the trash invest some time in making your offering stand out.

The Outer Wrapping is Crucial

The envelope you use is vital – it needs to carry the message in a very readable manner so the recipient gets the jist of what is being sent; many people will simply throw the envelope and contents away but many will also keep it for opening later if it has something of interest to them.

You must find an experienced print and design professional who has experience of direct mailings with this – the experience they have will be worth your entire marketing budget for this project.

AIDA 

Direct mail relies on a very basic sales axiom – AIDA.

Create Attention – Generate Interest – Lead to a Decision – Finally Action

Your mailing needs to create attention from the moment it hits the letter box – generally, using plain envelopes doesn’t work because if you try to trick the recipient that the mailing is official (and usually they can spot if it isn’t right off the bat) then you have already set up a negative mark against yourself – use teh envelope to create attention and continue this in the contents – Big and Bold is the key.

This leads on to generating interest – use words and phrases such as, “Low-Cost”, High Quality”, “Huge Savings”, “More Time” – extreme adjectives dealing with maximizing benefits and minimizing negatives – these are great for generating interest.

Then comes guiding the recipient to a decision – to do this you make a conditional offer – “Reply in 7 days for 30% OFF!” – they get something for nothing by responding now, say a 10% discount for picking up the phone and ordering today or a free gift or double the quantity of the product and this ties directly into performing the action you require to make a sale.

Going out to eat is one of the great pleasures in life and the window onto what an eatery has to offer is, of course, the menu.

For restauranters, the menu is crucial but so many menus fail to deliver either the information in a readable and easily identifiable way or just as bad, fail to convey the atmosphere and tone, that ambience, which is so vital in creating an enjoyable dining environment which creates repeat business and restaurant success.

Strive for Clarity

Most menus fail to achieve clarity and by this we mean the food and drink choices are easily found and understood but also the overall message and personality of the venue is carried on through in a unified theme.

Almost every menu has too many words - take any menu and cut the word number in half and you will automatically improve that menu – take whatever yours is and try to cut out all the extraneous wordage making it more direct and compelling with respect to your dining offering.

This makes it easier for the customer to understand what is available and also with yoru servers efforts at cross-selling other food, sides, desserts and drinks.

Typeface & Font

The print on a menu should never be too small to read but you also must take into account the lighting when a customer is likely to be reading the menu – if the venue enjoys bright light that’s fine but if it is providing a more intimate experience with reduced lighting or candlelight then it is imperative a customer can be able to read what is before them.

Never use less than 12 point typeface – anything less is going to be difficult to read for many customers under any conditions.

Making sure you have a font style in keeping with your ambience and personality is also important but again, many customers look to the weird and wonderful fonts available as a means of distinguishing themselves from other competitors – only to end up with frustrated diners quizzing the servers over what is meant!

Menus Change

Depending on your clientele and the market you are in, your menu is going to change no matter who you are but how you effect these menue changes will have a direct impact on how you present the menu to your customers.

Having a card based menu which needs to be reprinted every time you have a menu item or price change is going to be expensive and perhaps only suitable for higher-end eateries.  For mid-range dining establishments, a folder with inserts is probably a better option so each insert only needs to be changed and not the entire menu.